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Burzahom archaeological site
The Burzahom archaeological site is located in Srinagar district in Jammu and Kashmir. Archaeological excavations have revealed four phases of cultural significance between 3000 BC and 1000 BC. Periods I and II represent the Neolithic era; Period IlI the Megalithic era (of massive stone menhirs and wheel turned red pottery); and Period IV relates to the early Historical Period (Post-megalithic period). The findings, recorded in stratified cultural deposits representing prehistoric human activity in Kashmir, are based on detailed investigations that cover all aspects of the physical evidence of the site, including the ancient flora and fauna.
The Burzahom site revealed the transition from the subterranean and ground level housing features of the Neolithic people to the mudbrick structures of the Megalithic people. The large cache of tools and implements made of bone and stone found at the site shows that the inhabitants were hunting and farming.
The unearthed Antiquities (of art, architecture, customs and rituals) indicate that the prehistoric people of the Burzahom established contact with Central Asia and South West Asia and also had links to the Gangetic plains and peninsular India. The interaction of local and foreign influences is demonstrated by the art, architecture, customs, rituals and language demonstrated by some engravings on pottery and other artifacts. Many historians have stated that the Vedic Aryan race-culture originated in Kashmir and nearby Central Asia (the Jhelum river valley has facilitated much historical contact between kashmir and central asia) also archaeological investigation of skeletons at Burzahom closely supports this theory so do the Harvan tiles. Pure Aryan features and sharp noses, etc.
==Location==
The Burzahom site is a prehistoric settlement in the village of the same name in the Vale of Kashmir, a valley located between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range. It is to the northeast of Srinagar on the Naseem-Shalimar road. The elevation of the site is above sea-level. It is the northernmost excavated Neolithic site of India. The site is on an ancient Pleistocene lake bed. The location is in a high terrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil (clay) formation. The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about away. In the Kashmiri language 'Burzahom' means "birch", a tree species (that generally grows in the elevation range of in the Himalayas), which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material, and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times.
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